福州市Wastewater Treatment: Technologies, Processes & Compliance Guide | 2026 Latest Version

Keywords: Wastewater Treatment, Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Municipal Sewage Treatment, Wastewater Treatment Process, Wastewater Discharge Standard, Wastewater Reuse

    Wastewater treatment is the core link of water environment governance and corporate environmental compliance. Combined physical, chemical and biological technologies remove suspended solids, organic matter, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus, heavy metals and other pollutants to reach discharge standards and realize resource reuse. With the revised version of GB 18918-2002 implemented and the advancement of the "Dual Carbon" goals, wastewater treatment is upgrading toward intelligence, low carbon and resource recovery, serving as key support for corporate sustainable development and ecological protection.

    Wastewater treatment refers to an engineering technical system that purifies domestic and production sewage to meet discharge or reuse standards. Its core values are as follows:

    Protect water environment: Block pollutants from entering rivers, lakes and seas to prevent eutrophication and ecological damage

    Ensure compliance: Meet pollutant discharge permit and online monitoring requirements to avoid environmental penalties

    Save water resources: Reclaimed water replaces fresh water and cuts corporate water costs

    Resource recovery: Extract heavy metals, salts, biogas, etc. from wastewater to turn waste into treasure

    Source: Daily domestic drainage; Features: High organic matter, nitrogen and phosphorus, good biodegradability

    Chemical wastewater: High COD, high salinity, refractory organics

    Electroplating wastewater: Highly toxic with chromium, nickel, copper and other heavy metals

    Printing & dyeing wastewater: High chroma, high organic concentration, volatile pH value

    Food wastewater: High organics and grease, easy to decompose

    Contains chemical fertilizer and pesticide residues; excessive nitrogen and phosphorus easily trigger water eutrophication

    Bar screen: Remove large floating impurities

    Sedimentation / DAF: Separate suspended solids and colloids

    Filtration: Quartz sand & activated carbon filtration to improve water clarity

    Regulating tank: Balance water volume and quality to stabilize subsequent processes

    Coagulation sedimentation: Add PAC/PAM to rapidly remove suspended solids and partial organics

    pH neutralization: Adjust pH to fit biological treatment and heavy metal precipitation

    Redox: Degrade toxic substances, e.g. cyanide breaking & chromium reduction for electroplating wastewater

    Advanced oxidation: Ozone, Fenton, electrochemical oxidation for refractory organics

    Activated sludge process: A/O, A²/O, SBR, MBR for efficient nitrogen and phosphorus removal

    Biofilm process: Contact oxidation, filter tank with strong shock load resistance

    Anaerobic treatment: UASB, IC reactors for high-concentration organic wastewater with biogas recovery

    Low-carbon new process: Anammox, cutting energy consumption by 30%-50% and sludge yield by 60%

    Membrane separation: UF, NF, RO to approach zero liquid discharge

    Disinfection: UV, chlorine dioxide to eliminate pathogenic microbes

    Reclaimed water: For industrial cooling, green irrigation and municipal miscellaneous use

    Pretreatment: Bar screen → Regulating tank → Coagulation sedimentation / DAF

    Biochemical treatment: Anaerobic → Anoxic → Aerobic (nitrogen & phosphorus removal)

    Advanced treatment: Secondary sedimentation tank → Filtration → Membrane separation → Disinfection

    Sludge disposal: Thickening → Dewatering → Resource utilization (waste incineration power generation, building materials)

    The updated discharge standard takes effect from March 2026 with full coverage of online monitoring and real-time alarms for over-limit discharge

    AI precise aeration & intelligent dosing reduce chemical consumption by 18% and O&M costs by 20%-30%

    PV wastewater plants, carbon source substitution and sludge resource recovery realize energy self-sufficiency and carbon reduction

    Crystallization for salt production from high-salinity wastewater, heavy metal recovery, reclaimed water reuse rate exceeding 50%

    Licensed discharge: Obtain pollutant discharge permit and discharge within permitted concentration & total volume

    Stable facility operation: Regular maintenance to guarantee qualified COD, ammonia nitrogen, total phosphorus indicators

    Online monitoring: Install automatic monitoring equipment with data online uploading

    Account management: Complete records of dosing, operation and monitoring data for inspection

    Emergency response: Build emergency tanks and formulate over-standard disposal plans

    Wastewater treatment is a rigid environmental demand and technology-intensive industry. Enterprises shall adopt combined pretreatment-biochemical-advanced treatment processes based on self wastewater characteristics, alongside intelligent operation and compliance management. This not only meets environmental requirements, but also achieves water saving, cost reduction and resource recovery. With technology iteration and improved policies, wastewater treatment will keep developing toward high efficiency, low carbon and circular economy, providing solid support for ecological civilization construction.